The aim of this study was to investigate treatment regimens of bronchial asthma, bronchiolitis and laryngotracheobronchitis at a pediatric emergency room. This is a retrospective study of children with bronchial asthma, bronchiolitis or laryngotracheobronchitis who presented to the pediatric emergency room of a tertiary care teaching hospital over a 12month period (year 2001). The demographic characteristics, diagnosis and treatment were recorded. During the study period, 881 children with the above mentioned respiratory disorders were examined. It was found that bronchodilators were administered to 89% of them, corticosteroids (inhaled or systemic) to 71%; a combination of bronchodilators and corticosteroids was used in 70% of the patients. The most commonly used bronchodilators were nebulized epinephrine in patients with laryngotracheobronchitis (90%) and salbutamol alone or in combination with ipratropium bromide in those with asthma or bronchiolitis (86% and 70%, respectively). Forty seven per cent of the children received 3 or more medications. We conclude that treatment of asthma and laryngotracheobronchitis with bronchodilators is in accordance with the guidelines of the Hellenic Thoracic Society; inappropriate use of inhaled steroids is though observed. Bronchiolitis is not consistently treated according to current guidelines. Pneumon 2004, 17(3):311-318.