Home
Issues
Aim & Scope
Open Access
Indexing
Why publish with us
Contact
Editorial Board
Instructions to Authors (PDF)
Manuscript Types
Manuscript Formatting
How to submit
Preprints
Authorship & COI
Principles of Transparency Checklist
Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement
CrossMark
Data Policies
REVIEW
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: When and to whom? Indications and complications of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
1
ICU, 1st Department of Respiratory Medicine,
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian
University of Athens and “Sotiria” Hospital for
Diseases of the Chest, Athens, Greece
2
4th Department of Respiratory Medicine, “Sotiria” Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, Athens, Greece
3
7th Department of Respiratory Medicine, “Sotiria” Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, Athens, Greece
4
5th Department of Respiratory Medicine,
“Sotiria” Hospital for Diseases of the Chest,
Athens, Greece
5
6th Department of Respiratory Medicine,
“Sotiria” Hospital for Diseases of the Chest,
Athens, Greece
6
2th Department of Respiratory Medicine,
“Sotiria” Hospital for Diseases of the Chest,
Athens, Greece
Corresponding author
Danai Theodoulou
1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and “Sotiria” Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, 11527 Athens, Greece
1st Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and “Sotiria” Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, 11527 Athens, Greece
Pneumon 2020;33(1):13-24
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Although emergency endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation (MV) are undoubtedly a life-saving intervention, deciding when and whom to support remains challenging. Common indications include respiratory failure, shock, coma and operative procedures that require analgesia and sedation. Endotracheal intubation is well known for its potential difficulty and mechanical ventilation is associated with complications that may aggravate the critically ill patient. Although MV is used in intensive care units in order to maintain adequate gas exchange and decrease the work of breathing, these goals may be difficult to achieve if there is no proper interaction between patient and ventilator (patient-ventilator asynchrony). Therefore, it is important that clinicians suspect, recognize and resolve appropriately any adverse consequence associated with this intervention. Finally, with the widespread use of mechanical ventilation, ethical challenges arise; patients with terminal illnesses can be kept alive, with little to no prospect of having their underlying condition cured or improved. Of paramount importance is for chronically ill patients to partake in the decision to institute or withhold MV after being appropriately informed for its indications and limitations.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
Authors have no conflicts of interest.
REFERENCES (83)
1.
Pham T, Brochard LJ, Slutsky AS. Mechanical Ventilation: state of the Art. Mayo Clinic proceedings 2017; 92:1382-400.
2.
Roussos C, Koutsoukou A. Respiratory failure. Eur Respir J Suppl 2003; 22(47 Suppl):3s-14s.
3.
Rochwerg B, Brochard L, Elliott MW, et al. Official ERS/ATS clinical practice guidelines: noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J 2017; 50:1602426.
4.
Masip J, Roque M, Sánchez B, Fernández R, Subirana M, Expósito JA. Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2005; 294:3124-30.
5.
Kreppein U, Litterst P, Westhoff M. Hypercapnic respiratory failure. Pathophysiology, indications for mechanical ventilation and management. Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 2016; 111:196-201.
6.
Lightowler JV, Wedzicha JA, Elliott MW, Ram FS. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation to treat respiratory failure resulting from exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2003; 326:185.
7.
Cohen CA, Zagelbaum G, Gross D, et al. Clinical manifestations of inspiratory muscle fatigue. Am J Med 1982; 73:308.
8.
Slutsky AS. Mechanical ventilation. American College of Chest Physicians' Consensus Conference. Chest 1993; 104:1833.
9.
Kangelaris KN, Ware LB, Wang CY, et al. Timing of intubation and clinical outcomes in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Critical Care Medicine 2016; 44:120-9.
10.
Hussain S, Roussos Ch. Distribution of respiratory muscle and organ blood flow during endotoxin shock in dogs. J Appl Physiol 1985; 59:1802-8.
11.
Berger RE, Rivers E, Levy MM. Management of Septic Shock. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:2282-5.
12.
Bernard SA, Smith K, Porter R, et al. Paramedic rapid sequence intubation in patients with non-traumatic coma. Emerg Med J: EMJ 2015; 32:60-4.
13.
Schultz MJ, Abreu MG, Pelosi P. Mechanical ventilation strategies for the surgical patient. Curr Opin Crit Care 2015; 21:351-7.
14.
Janssens, G. Hartstein. Management of difficult intubation. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2001; 18:3-12.
15.
Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway. Anesthesiology 2013; 118:251-70.
16.
Higgs A, McGrath BA, Goddard C, et al. Guidelines for the management of tracheal intubation in critically ill adults. Br J Anaesth 2018; 120:323–52.
17.
Thomas AN, McGrath BA. Patient safety incidents associated with airway devices in critical care: A review of reports to the UK National Patient Safety Agency. Anaesthesia 2009; 64:358-65.
18.
Kalanuria AA, Zai W, Mirski M. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in the ICU. Crit Care 2014; 18:208.
19.
Gattinoni L, Protti A, Caironi P, Carlesso E. Ventilator-induced lung injury: The anatomical and physiological framework. Crit Care Med 2010; 38(10Suppl):539-48.
20.
Benjamin B, Holinger LD. Laryngeal complications of endotracheal intubation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2008; 117(9suppl):2–20.
21.
Pacheco-Lopez PC, Berkow LC, Hillel AT, Akst LM. Complications of airway management. Respir Care 2014; 59:1006-19.
22.
Qvist J, Pontoppidan H, Wilson RS, et al. Hemodynamic responses to mechanical ventilation with PEEP: the effect of hypervolemia. Anesthesiology 1975; 42:45.
23.
Fougères E, Teboul JL, Richard C, et al. Hemodynamic impact of a positive end-expiratory pressure setting in acute respiratory distress syndrome: importance of the volume status. Crit Care Med 2010; 38:802.
24.
Bersten AD, Holt AW, Vedig AE, et al. Treatment of severe cardiogenic pulmonary edema with continuous positive airway pressure delivered by face mask. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:1825.
25.
Boussarsar M, Thierry G, Jaber S, et al. Relationship between ventilatory settings and barotrauma in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28:406.
26.
Pingleton SK. Barotrauma in acute lung injury: is it important? Crit Care Med 1995; 23:223.
27.
International consensus conferences in intensive care medicine: Ventilator-associated Lung Injury in ARDS. This official conference report was cosponsored by the American Thoracic Society, The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, and The Societé de Réanimation de Langue Française, and was approved by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160:2118.
28.
Hughes KT, Beasley MB. Pulmonary Manifestations of Acute Lung Injury: More Than Just Diffuse Alveolar Damage. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 141:916.
29.
Caironi P, Cressoni M, Chiumello D, et al. Lung opening and closing during ventilation of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 181:578.
30.
Dreyfuss D, Soler P, Saumon G. Mechanical ventilation-induced pulmonary edema. Interaction with previous lung alterations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151:1568.
31.
Gajic O, Dara SI, Mendez JL, et al. Ventilator-associated lung injury in patients without acute lung injury at the onset of mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med 2004; 32:1817.
32.
Brower RG, Matthay MA, Morris A, Schoenfeld D, Thompson BT, Wheeler A. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:1301-8.
33.
Simonis FD, Serpa Neto A, Binnekade JM, et al. Effect of a Low vs Intermediate Tidal Volume Strategy on Ventilator-Free Days in Intensive Care Unit Patients Without ARDS: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2018; 320:1872.
34.
Fan E, Del Sorbo L, Goligher EC, et al. An Official American Thoracic Society/European Society of Intensive Care Medicine/ Society of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline: Mechanical Ventilation in Adult Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:1253- 63.
35.
Amato MB, Meade MO, Slutsky AS, et al. Driving pressure and survival in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:747-55.
36.
Gattinoni L, Protti A, Caironi P, Carlesso E. Ventilator-induced lung injury: the anatomical and physiological framework. Crit Care Med 2010; 38:S539.
37.
Muscedere JG, Mullen JB, Gan K, Slutsky AS. Tidal ventilation at low airway pressures can augment lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149:1327.
38.
Tremblay LN, Slutsky AS. Ventilator-induced injury: from barotrauma to biotrauma. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 1998; 110:482.
39.
Tremblay L, Valenza F, Ribeiro SP, et al. Injurious ventilatory strategies increase cytokines and c-fos m-RNA expression in an isolated rat lung model. J Clin Invest 1997; 99:944.
40.
von Bethmann AN, Brasch F, Nüsing R, et al. Hyperventilation induces release of cytokines from perfused mouse lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157:263.
41.
Ranieri VM, Suter PM, Tortorella C, et al. Effect of mechanical ventilation on inflammatory mediators in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999; 282:54.
42.
Cabrera-Benítez NE, Parotto M, Post M, et al. Mechanical stress induces lung fibrosis by epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Crit Care Med 2012; 40:510.
43.
Plötz FB, Slutsky AS, van Vught AJ, Heijnen CJ. Ventilator-induced lung injury and multiple system organ failure: a critical review of facts and hypotheses. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30:1865.
44.
Jaber S, Petrof BJ, Jung B, et al. Rapidly progressive diaphragmatic weakness and injury during mechanical ventilation in humans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:364.
45.
Goligher EC, Dres M, Fan E, et al. Mechanical Ventilation-induced Diaphragm Atrophy Strongly Impacts Clinical Outcomes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 197:204.
46.
Goligher EC, Dres M, Fan E, et al. Mechanical ventilation–induced diaphragm atrophy strongly impacts clinical outcomes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 197:204-13.
47.
Freeman BA, Crapo JD. Hyperoxia increases oxygen radical production in rat lungs and lung mitochondria. J Biol Chem 1981; 256:10986.
48.
Chu DK, Kim LH, Young PJ, et al. Mortality and morbidity in acutely ill adults treated with liberal versus conservative oxygen therapy (IOTA): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2018; 391:1693.
49.
O'Driscoll BR, Howard LS, Earis J, et al. BTS guideline for oxygen use in adults inhealthcare and emergency settings. Thorax 2017; 72:ii1.
50.
American Thoracic Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:388-416.
51.
Chastre J, Fagon JY. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165:867-903.
52.
Leung P, Jubran A, Tobin MJ. Comparison of assisted ventilator modes on triggering, patient effort, and dyspnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155:1940-8.
53.
Laghi F, Goyal A. Auto-PEEP in respiratory failure Minerva. Anestesiol 2012; 78:201-21.
54.
Mutlu GM, Mutlu EA, Factor P. GI complications in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Chest 2001; 119:1222.
55.
Uchino S, Kellum JA, Bellomo R, et al. Acute renal failure in critically ill patients: a multinational, multicenter study. JAMA 2005; 294:813.
56.
Kuiper JW, Groeneveld AB, Slutsky AS, Plötz FB. Mechanical ventilation and acute renal failure. Crit Care Med 2005; 33:1408.
57.
Schweickert WD, Pohlman MC, Pohlman AS, et al. Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009;373:1874.
58.
Ozsancak A, D’Ambrosio C, Garpestad E, et al. Sleep and mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Clin 2008; 24:517-31.
59.
Psarologakis C, Kokkini S, Georgopoulos D. Sleep and mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. In: Vincent JL, editor. Annual update in intensive care and emergency medicine. Cham (Switzerland): Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 133–46.
60.
Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, Gélinas C, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation/ Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med 2018; 46:e825.
61.
Blissitt PA. Sleep and Mechanical Ventilation in Critical Care. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2016; 28:195-203.
62.
Thille AW, Rodriguez P, Cabello B, et al. Patient-ventilator asynchrony during assisted mechanical ventilation. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32:1515-22.
63.
Murias G, Lucangelo U, Blanch L. Patient-ventilator asynchrony. Curr Opin Crit Care 2016;22:53-9.
64.
Hansen-Flaschen JH. Dyspnea in the ventilated patient: a call for patient-centered mechanical ventilation. Respir Care 2000; 45:1460.
65.
Georgopoulos D, Prinianakis G, Kondili E. Bedside waveforms interpretation as a tool to identify patient-ventilator asynchronies. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32:34.
66.
Bulleri E, Fusi C, Bambi S, Pisani L. Patient-ventilator asynchronies: types, outcomes and nursing detection skills. Acta Biomed 2018; 89(7-S):6-18.
67.
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: When and to whom? Indications and complications of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation.
68.
Navalesi P, Longhini F. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist. Curr Opin Crit Care 2015; 21:58–64.
69.
Demoule A, Clavel M, Rolland-Debord C, et al. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist as an alternative to pressure support ventilation in adults: a French multicentre randomized trial. Intensive Care Med 2016; 42:1723–32.
70.
Colombo D, Cammarota G, Bergamaschi V, et al. Physiologic response to varying levels of pressure support and neutrally adjusted ventilatory assist in patients with acute respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34:2010-8.
71.
Liu L, Xia F, Yang Y, et al. Neural versus pneumatic control of pressure support in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases at different levels of positive end expiratory pressure: a physiological study. Crit Care 2015; 19:244.
72.
Xirouchaki N, Kondili E, Vaporidi K, et al. Proportional assist ventilation with load-adjustable gain factors in critically ill patients: comparison with pressure support. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34:2026-34.
73.
Jecker NS. Medical futility and care of dying patients, In Caring for Patients at the End of Life. West J Med 1995; 163:287-91.
74.
Standards for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiac care (ECC): Part V. Medicolegal considerations and recommendations. JAMA 1974; 227(suppl):864-6.
75.
Standards and Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiac Care (ECC). Part VII: Medicolegal considerations and recommendations. JAMA 1980; 244: 504-8.
76.
Nava S, Sturani C, Hartl S, et al. End-of-life decision-making in respiratory intermediate care units: a European survey. Eur Respir J 2007; 30:156-64.
77.
Esbensen KL. What matters most when considering noninvasive ventilation for patients with do-not-intubate or comfortmeasures-only orders? Crit Care Med 2018; 46:1367-70.
78.
Vilaça M, Aragão I, Cardoso T, Dias C, Cabral-Campello G. The Role of Noninvasive Ventilation in Patients with “Do Not Intubate” Order in the Emergency Setting. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149649.
79.
Dales RE, O’Connor A, Hebert P, Sullivan K, McKim D, LlewellynThomas H. Intubation and mechanical ventilation for COPD: development of an instrument to elicit patient preferences. Chest 1999; 116:792-800.
80.
Charles S, Bara R, Christiane S, et al. Changes in End-of-Life Practices in European Intensive Care Units From 1999 to 2016. JAMA 2019; 322:1692-704.
81.
McIntyre KM. Loosening criteria for withholding prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Futility of prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation: like beauty, in the eyes of the beholder. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153:2189-92.
82.
Chen YC, Fan HY, Curtis JR, Lee OK, Liu CK, Huang SJ. Determinants of receiving palliative care and ventilator withdrawal among patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med 2017; 45:1625-34.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 1791-4914 |
| ISSN: | 1105-848X |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
